Isaiah 58:5

Authorized King James Version

Is it such a fast that I have chosen? a day for a man to afflict his soul? is it to bow down his head as a bulrush, and to spread sackcloth and ashes under him? wilt thou call this a fast, and an acceptable day to the LORD?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
הֲלָזֶה֙
this
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
#2
יִֽהְיֶה֙
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#3
צ֔וֹם
Is it such a fast
a fast
#4
אֶבְחָרֵ֔הוּ
that I have chosen
properly, to try, i.e., (by implication) select
#5
וְי֥וֹם
a day
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
#6
עַנּ֥וֹת
to afflict
to depress literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive (in various applications, as follows)
#7
אָדָ֖ם
for a man
ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
#8
נַפְשׁ֑וֹ
his soul
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
#9
הֲלָכֹ֨ף
is it to bow down
to curve
#10
כְּאַגְמֹ֜ן
as a bulrush
a rush (as growing there); collectively a rope of rushes
#11
רֹאשׁ֗וֹ
his head
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
#12
וְשַׂ֤ק
sackcloth
properly, a mesh (as allowing a liquid to run through), i.e., coarse loose cloth or sacking (used in mourning and for bagging); hence, a bag (for grai
#13
וָאֵ֙פֶר֙
and ashes
ashes
#14
יַצִּ֔יעַ
and to spread
to strew as a surface
#15
הֲלָזֶה֙
this
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
#16
תִּקְרָא
under him wilt thou call
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
#17
צ֔וֹם
Is it such a fast
a fast
#18
וְי֥וֹם
a day
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
#19
רָצ֖וֹן
and an acceptable
delight (especially as shown)
#20
לַיהוָֽה׃
to the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Isaiah. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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