Isaiah 41:4

Authorized King James Version

Who hath wrought and done it, calling the generations from the beginning? I the LORD, the first, and with the last; I am he.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
מִֽי
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix
#2
פָעַ֣ל
Who hath wrought
to do or make (systematically and habitually), especially to practise
#3
וְעָשָׂ֔ה
and done
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#4
קֹרֵ֥א
it calling
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
#5
הַדֹּר֖וֹת
the generations
properly, a revolution of time, i.e., an age or generation; also a dwelling
#6
מֵרֹ֑אשׁ
from the beginning
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
#7
אֲנִ֤י
i
#8
יְהוָה֙
I the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#9
רִאשׁ֔וֹן
the first
first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)
#10
וְאֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#11
אַחֲרֹנִ֖ים
and with the last
hinder; generally, late or last; specifically (as facing the east) western
#12
אֲנִי
i
#13
הֽוּא׃
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People