Isaiah 21:2

Authorized King James Version

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A grievous vision is declared unto me; the treacherous dealer dealeth treacherously, and the spoiler spoileth. Go up, O Elam: besiege, O Media; all the sighing thereof have I made to cease.

Original Language Analysis

חָז֥וּת vision H2380
חָז֥וּת vision
Strong's: H2380
Word #: 1 of 15
a look; hence (figuratively) striking appearance, revelation, or (by implication) compact
קָשָׁ֖ה A grievous H7186
קָשָׁ֖ה A grievous
Strong's: H7186
Word #: 2 of 15
severe (in various applications)
הֻגַּד is declared H5046
הֻגַּד is declared
Strong's: H5046
Word #: 3 of 15
properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to
לִ֑י H0
לִ֑י
Strong's: H0
Word #: 4 of 15
בּוֹגֵד֙ dealeth treacherously H898
בּוֹגֵד֙ dealeth treacherously
Strong's: H898
Word #: 5 of 15
to cover (with a garment); figuratively, to act covertly; by implication, to pillage
בּוֹגֵד֙ dealeth treacherously H898
בּוֹגֵד֙ dealeth treacherously
Strong's: H898
Word #: 6 of 15
to cover (with a garment); figuratively, to act covertly; by implication, to pillage
שׁוֹדֵ֔ד and the spoiler H7703
שׁוֹדֵ֔ד and the spoiler
Strong's: H7703
Word #: 7 of 15
properly, to be burly, i.e., (figuratively) powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to ravage
שׁוֹדֵ֔ד and the spoiler H7703
שׁוֹדֵ֔ד and the spoiler
Strong's: H7703
Word #: 8 of 15
properly, to be burly, i.e., (figuratively) powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to ravage
עֲלִ֤י Go up H5927
עֲלִ֤י Go up
Strong's: H5927
Word #: 9 of 15
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
עֵילָם֙ O Elam H5867
עֵילָם֙ O Elam
Strong's: H5867
Word #: 10 of 15
elam, a son of shem and his descendants, with their country; also of six israelites
צוּרִ֣י besiege H6696
צוּרִ֣י besiege
Strong's: H6696
Word #: 11 of 15
to cramp, i.e., confine (in many applications, literally and figuratively, formative or hostile)
מָדַ֔י O Media H4074
מָדַ֔י O Media
Strong's: H4074
Word #: 12 of 15
madai, a country of central asia
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 13 of 15
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אַנְחָתָ֖ה all the sighing H585
אַנְחָתָ֖ה all the sighing
Strong's: H585
Word #: 14 of 15
sighing
הִשְׁבַּֽתִּי׃ thereof have I made to cease H7673
הִשְׁבַּֽתִּי׃ thereof have I made to cease
Strong's: H7673
Word #: 15 of 15
to repose, i.e., desist from exertion; used in many implied relations (causative, figurative or specific)

Analysis & Commentary

'A grievous vision is declared unto me; the treacherous dealer dealeth treacherously, and the spoiler spoileth. Go up, O Elam: besiege, O Media; all the sighing thereof have I made to cease.' Isaiah receives a 'grievous' (harsh/hard) vision—prophets often distressed by revelations of judgment. 'The treacherous dealer dealeth treacherously'—Babylon's characteristic duplicity now turned against itself. God commands Elam (Persia) and Media to attack—these were the Medo-Persian Empire components that conquered Babylon. 'All the sighing thereof have I made to cease' likely refers to ending the groaning of nations Babylon oppressed. God's judgment on Babylon brings relief to victims. This demonstrates divine justice: oppressors eventually face oppression; treacherous dealers experience treachery. God orchestrates history to punish evil and vindicate victims.

Historical Context

The Medo-Persian alliance under Cyrus conquered Babylon in 539 BCE. Cyrus's own records (Cyrus Cylinder) present the conquest as liberation, claiming Babylon's gods supported him due to Nabonidus's impiety. The prophecy's specific naming of Elam and Media as agents demonstrates precision impossible without divine revelation—these nations weren't obvious conquerors 150 years prior. The 'sighing' that ceased included exiled Jews, whom Cyrus released (Ezra 1), and other oppressed peoples. Babylon's fall was celebrated by its victims as divine justice. This pattern repeats throughout history: oppressive empires eventually fall, often to forces they despised. God's justice operates certainly, if not always immediately.

Questions for Reflection

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