Psalms 60:3

Authorized King James Version

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Thou hast shewed thy people hard things: thou hast made us to drink the wine of astonishment.

Original Language Analysis

הִרְאִ֣יתָ Thou hast shewed H7200
הִרְאִ֣יתָ Thou hast shewed
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 1 of 6
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
עַמְּךָ֣ thy people H5971
עַמְּךָ֣ thy people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 2 of 6
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
קָשָׁ֑ה hard things H7186
קָשָׁ֑ה hard things
Strong's: H7186
Word #: 3 of 6
severe (in various applications)
הִ֝שְׁקִיתָ֗נוּ thou hast made us to drink H8248
הִ֝שְׁקִיתָ֗נוּ thou hast made us to drink
Strong's: H8248
Word #: 4 of 6
to quaff, i.e., (causatively) to irrigate or furnish a potion to
יַ֣יִן the wine H3196
יַ֣יִן the wine
Strong's: H3196
Word #: 5 of 6
wine (as fermented); by implication, intoxication
תַּרְעֵלָֽה׃ of astonishment H8653
תַּרְעֵלָֽה׃ of astonishment
Strong's: H8653
Word #: 6 of 6
reeling

Analysis & Commentary

God showing His people 'hard things' indicates trials that test and refine. The wine of trembling/staggering depicts judgment that intoxicates—removing stability and clarity. Yet this comes from God's hand ('thou hast made us to drink'), distinguishing discipline from punishment. Believers may experience disorienting trials under God's sovereign purpose for sanctification.

Historical Context

The imagery of God's cup of wrath appears throughout Scripture (Isaiah 51:17, Jeremiah 25:15). Israel drinking this cup represented experiencing consequences of covenant unfaithfulness, yet as discipline within relationship, not ultimate rejection.

Questions for Reflection