Hebrews 11:4

Authorized King James Version

By faith Abel offered unto God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, by which he obtained witness that he was righteous, God testifying of his gifts: and by it he being dead yet speaketh.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Πίστει
By faith
persuasion, i.e., credence; moral conviction (of religious truth, or the truthfulness of god or a religious teacher), especially reliance upon christ
#2
πλείονα
a more excellent
more in quantity, number, or quality; also (in plural) the major portion
#3
θυσίαν
sacrifice
sacrifice (the act or the victim, literally or figuratively)
#4
Ἅβελ
G6
Abel
abel, the son of adam
#5
παρὰ
than
properly, near; i.e., (with genitive case) from beside (literally or figuratively), (with dative case) at (or in) the vicinity of (objectively or subj
#6
Κάϊν
Cain
cain, (i.e., cajin), the son of adam
#7
προσήνεγκεν
offered
to bear towards, i.e., lead to, tender (especially to god), treat
#8
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
θεοῦ
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#10
δι'
by
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#11
ἧς
which
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#12
μαρτυροῦντος
he obtained witness
to be a witness, i.e., testify (literally or figuratively)
#13
εἶναι
that he was
to exist
#14
δίκαιος
righteous
equitable (in character or act); by implication, innocent, holy (absolutely or relatively)
#15
μαρτυροῦντος
he obtained witness
to be a witness, i.e., testify (literally or figuratively)
#16
ἐπὶ
of
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
#17
τοῖς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#18
δώροις
gifts
a present; specially, a sacrifice
#19
αὐτῆς
his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#20
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#21
θεοῦ
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#22
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#23
δι'
by
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#24
αὐτῆς
his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#25
ἀποθανὼν
he being dead
to die off (literally or figuratively)
#26
ἔτι
yet
"yet," still (of time or degree)
#27
λαλεῖται
speaketh
to talk, i.e., utter words

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing faith central to epistemology and the means by which humans receive divine revelation and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Hebrews Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes faith in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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