Genesis 4:8

Authorized King James Version

And Cain talked with Abel his brother: and it came to pass, when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר
talked
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
קַ֛יִן
And Cain
kajin, the name of the first child
#3
אֶל
against
near, with or among; often in general, to
#4
הֶ֥בֶל
Abel
abel (hebel), the son of adam
#5
אָחִ֖יו
his brother
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#6
וַֽיְהִי֙
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#7
בִּהְיוֹתָ֣ם
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#8
בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה
and it came to pass when they were in the field
a field (as flat)
#9
וַיָּ֥קָם
rose up
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
#10
קַ֛יִן
And Cain
kajin, the name of the first child
#11
אֶל
against
near, with or among; often in general, to
#12
הֶ֥בֶל
Abel
abel (hebel), the son of adam
#13
אָחִ֖יו
his brother
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#14
וַיַּֽהַרְגֵֽהוּ׃
and slew him
to smite with deadly intent

Analysis

The creation and providence theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

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