For the son dishonoureth the father, the daughter riseth up against her mother, the daughter in law against her mother in law; a man's enemies are the men of his own house.
For the son dishonoureth the father, the daughter riseth up against her mother, the daughter in law against her mother in law; a man's enemies are the men of his own house. Family structures collapse completely. כִּי־בֵן מְנַבֵּל אָב (ki-ven menabbel av, "for the son dishonors the father"). נָבַל (naval) means to treat with contempt, disgrace, or dishonor—violating the fifth commandment (Exodus 20:12). בַּת קָמָה בְאִמָּהּ (bat qamah ve-immah, "daughter rises up against her mother"). קוּם (qum) means to rise up in rebellion or opposition. כַּלָּה בַּחֲמֹתָהּ (kallah ba-chamotah, "daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law"). Even extended family relationships fracture.
The devastating conclusion: אֹיְבֵי אִישׁ אַנְשֵׁי בֵיתוֹ (oyevei ish anshei veito, "a man's enemies are the men of his own household"). אֹיֵב (oyev) means enemy, adversary, or foe. Those who should be closest allies—household members—become hostile enemies. This represents total social disintegration. When family bonds dissolve, society's basic building block crumbles. No relationship remains trustworthy; no refuge provides safety.
Jesus quoted this verse when describing the cost of discipleship and opposition He would bring (Matthew 10:35-36; Luke 12:53). The gospel divides families when some believe and others reject Christ. But Micah describes a different scenario—comprehensive moral collapse where rebellion and betrayal characterize all relationships. In both contexts, the principle holds: ultimate loyalty must be to God, not human relationships (Matthew 10:37).
Historical Context
Micah describes family breakdown resulting from moral corruption and social collapse. When justice fails, economy falters, and trust evaporates, families fragment under pressure. Historical parallels include periods of persecution (families divided over faith), civil wars (relatives on opposing sides), totalitarian regimes (children informing on parents), and cultural revolutions (youth rejecting elders). The fifth commandment—honoring father and mother—is foundational to social stability (Exodus 20:12; Ephesians 6:1-3). When this breaks down, civilization crumbles. Jesus's quotation of this verse shows the gospel's divisive effect—not because Christianity promotes family breakdown, but because truth demands allegiance that transcends human relationships when they conflict with divine allegiance.
Questions for Reflection
How does family breakdown serve as indicator of broader social and moral collapse?
What does Jesus's quotation of this verse teach about the potential cost of following Him?
How do believers navigate family conflict while honoring both the fifth commandment and supreme loyalty to Christ?
Analysis & Commentary
For the son dishonoureth the father, the daughter riseth up against her mother, the daughter in law against her mother in law; a man's enemies are the men of his own house. Family structures collapse completely. כִּי־בֵן מְנַבֵּל אָב (ki-ven menabbel av, "for the son dishonors the father"). נָבַל (naval) means to treat with contempt, disgrace, or dishonor—violating the fifth commandment (Exodus 20:12). בַּת קָמָה בְאִמָּהּ (bat qamah ve-immah, "daughter rises up against her mother"). קוּם (qum) means to rise up in rebellion or opposition. כַּלָּה בַּחֲמֹתָהּ (kallah ba-chamotah, "daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law"). Even extended family relationships fracture.
The devastating conclusion: אֹיְבֵי אִישׁ אַנְשֵׁי בֵיתוֹ (oyevei ish anshei veito, "a man's enemies are the men of his own household"). אֹיֵב (oyev) means enemy, adversary, or foe. Those who should be closest allies—household members—become hostile enemies. This represents total social disintegration. When family bonds dissolve, society's basic building block crumbles. No relationship remains trustworthy; no refuge provides safety.
Jesus quoted this verse when describing the cost of discipleship and opposition He would bring (Matthew 10:35-36; Luke 12:53). The gospel divides families when some believe and others reject Christ. But Micah describes a different scenario—comprehensive moral collapse where rebellion and betrayal characterize all relationships. In both contexts, the principle holds: ultimate loyalty must be to God, not human relationships (Matthew 10:37).