Genesis 4:9

Authorized King James Version

And the LORD said unto Cain, Where is Abel thy brother? And he said, I know not: Am I my brother's keeper?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙
And he said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
יְהוָה֙
And the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#3
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#4
קַ֔יִן
unto Cain
kajin, the name of the first child
#5
אֵ֖י
Where
where? hence how?
#6
הֶ֣בֶל
is Abel
abel (hebel), the son of adam
#7
אָחִ֖י
not Am I my brother's
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#8
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙
And he said
to say (used with great latitude)
#9
לֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#10
יָדַ֔עְתִּי
I know
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o
#11
הֲשֹׁמֵ֥ר
keeper
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
#12
אָחִ֖י
not Am I my brother's
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#13
אָנֹֽכִי׃
i

Analysis

Within the broader context of Genesis, this passage highlights creation and providence through rhetorical questioning that engages the reader. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Genesis.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the tribal and clan-based society of the ancient Near East. The author writes to address the foundational narrative for Israel's identity and relationship with God, making the emphasis on creation and providence particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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