Genesis 4:15

Authorized King James Version

And the LORD said unto him, Therefore whosoever slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold. And the LORD set a mark upon Cain, lest any finding him should kill him.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּ֧אמֶר
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
ל֣וֹ
H0
#3
יְהוָ֤ה
And the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#4
לָכֵן֙
unto him Therefore
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
#5
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#6
הֹרֵ֣ג
whosoever slayeth
to smite with deadly intent
#7
לְקַ֙יִן֙
Cain
kajin, the name of the first child
#8
שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם
on him sevenfold
seven-times
#9
יֻקָּ֑ם
vengeance shall be taken
to grudge, i.e., avenge or punish
#10
וַיָּ֨שֶׂם
set
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
#11
יְהוָ֤ה
And the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#12
לְקַ֙יִן֙
Cain
kajin, the name of the first child
#13
א֔וֹת
a mark
a signal (literally or figuratively), as a flag, beacon, monument, omen, prodigy, evidence, etc
#14
לְבִלְתִּ֥י
lest
properly, a failure of, i.e., (used only as a negative particle, usually with a prepositional prefix) not, except, without, unless, besides, because n
#15
הַכּוֹת
him should kill
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
#16
אֹת֖וֹ
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#17
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#18
מֹצְאֽוֹ׃
any finding
properly, to come forth to, i.e., appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e., find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present

Analysis

The creation and providence theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the tribal and clan-based society of the ancient Near East. The author writes to address the foundational narrative for Israel's identity and relationship with God, making the emphasis on creation and providence particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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