Genesis 44:20

Authorized King James Version

And we said unto my lord, We have a father, an old man, and a child of his old age, a little one; and his brother is dead, and he alone is left of his mother, and his father loveth him.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַנֹּ֙אמֶר֙
And we said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#3
אֲדֹנִ֔י
unto my lord
sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)
#4
יֶשׁ
We have
there is or are (or any other form of the verb to be, as may suit the connection)
#5
לָ֙נוּ֙
H0
#6
וְאָבִ֥יו
H1
a father
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
#7
זָקֵ֔ן
an old man
old
#8
וְיֶ֥לֶד
and a child
something born, i.e., a lad or offspring
#9
זְקֻנִ֖ים
of his old age
old age
#10
קָטָ֑ן
a little one
abbreviated, i.e., diminutive, literally (in quantity, size or number) or figuratively (in age or importance)
#11
וְאָחִ֨יו
and his brother
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#12
מֵ֜ת
is dead
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
#13
וַיִּוָּתֵ֨ר
and he alone is left
to jut over or exceed; by implication, to excel; (intransitively) to remain or be left; causatively to leave, cause to abound, preserve
#14
ה֧וּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#15
לְבַדּ֛וֹ
properly, separation; by implication, a part of the body, branch of a tree, bar for carrying; figuratively, chief of a city; especially (with preposit
#16
לְאִמּ֖וֹ
of his mother
a mother (as the bond of the family); in a wide sense (both literally and figuratively [like father])
#17
וְאָבִ֥יו
H1
a father
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
#18
אֲהֵבֽוֹ׃
loveth
to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing love fundamental to theology proper, revealing God's essential nature and character and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the tribal and clan-based society of the ancient Near East. The author writes to address the foundational narrative for Israel's identity and relationship with God, making the emphasis on divine love particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show patron-client relationships and family loyalty concepts, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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