Genesis 44:19

Authorized King James Version

My lord asked his servants, saying, Have ye a father, or a brother?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אֲדֹנִ֣י
My lord
sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)
#2
שָׁאַ֔ל
asked
to inquire; by implication, to request; by extension, to demand
#3
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#4
עֲבָדָ֖יו
his servants
a servant
#5
לֵאמֹ֑ר
saying
to say (used with great latitude)
#6
הֲיֵשׁ
Have
there is or are (or any other form of the verb to be, as may suit the connection)
#7
לָכֶ֥ם
H0
#8
אָ֖ב
H1
ye a father
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
#9
אוֹ
desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if
#10
אָֽח׃
or a brother
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])

Analysis

The creation and providence theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

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