Genesis 42:13

Authorized King James Version

And they said, Thy servants are twelve brethren, the sons of one man in the land of Canaan; and, behold, the youngest is this day with our father, and one is not.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּֽאמְר֗וּ
And they said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
שְׁנֵ֣ים
are twelve
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
#3
עָשָׂר֩
ten (only in combination), i.e., -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth
#4
עֲבָדֶ֨יךָ
Thy servants
a servant
#5
אַחִ֧ים׀
brethren
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#6
אֲנַ֛חְנוּ
we
#7
בְּנֵ֥י
the sons
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#8
אִישׁ
man
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#9
וְהָֽאֶחָ֖ד
and one
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
#10
בְּאֶ֣רֶץ
in the land
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#11
כְּנָ֑עַן
of Canaan
kenaan, a son a ham; also the country inhabited by him
#12
וְהִנֵּ֨ה
lo!
#13
הַקָּטֹ֤ן
and behold the youngest
abbreviated, i.e., diminutive, literally (in quantity, size or number) or figuratively (in age or importance)
#14
אֶת
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
#15
אָבִ֙ינוּ֙
H1
with our father
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
#16
הַיּ֔וֹם
is this day
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
#17
וְהָֽאֶחָ֖ד
and one
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
#18
אֵינֶֽנּוּ׃
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle

Analysis

The creation and providence theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the tribal and clan-based society of the ancient Near East. The author writes to address the foundational narrative for Israel's identity and relationship with God, making the emphasis on creation and providence particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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