Genesis 31:10

Authorized King James Version

And it came to pass at the time that the cattle conceived, that I lifted up mine eyes, and saw in a dream, and, behold, the rams which leaped upon the cattle were ringstraked, speckled, and grisled.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיְהִ֗י
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
בְּעֵת֙
And it came to pass at the time
time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc
#3
יַחֵ֣ם
conceived
probably to be hot; figuratively, to conceive
#4
הַצֹּ֔אן
that the cattle
a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
#5
וָֽאֶשָּׂ֥א
that I lifted up
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
#6
עֵינַ֛י
mine eyes
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
#7
וָאֵ֖רֶא
and saw
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#8
בַּֽחֲל֑וֹם
in a dream
a dream
#9
וְהִנֵּ֤ה
lo!
#10
הָֽעַתֻּדִים֙
and behold the rams
prepared, i.e., full grown; spoken only (in plural) of he-goats, or (figuratively) leaders of the people
#11
הָֽעֹלִ֣ים
which leaped
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
#12
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#13
הַצֹּ֔אן
that the cattle
a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
#14
עֲקֻדִּ֥ים
were ringstraked
striped (with bands)
#15
נְקֻדִּ֖ים
speckled
spotted
#16
וּבְרֻדִּֽים׃
and grisled
spotted (as if with hail)

Analysis

The creation and providence theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

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