Genesis 10:10

Authorized King James Version

And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַתְּהִ֨י
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
רֵאשִׁ֤ית
And the beginning
the first, in place, time, order or rank (specifically, a firstfruit)
#3
מַמְלַכְתּוֹ֙
of his kingdom
dominion, i.e., (abstractly) the estate (rule) or (concretely) the country (realm)
#4
בָּבֶ֔ל
was Babel
babel (i.e., babylon), including babylonia and the babylonian empire
#5
וְאֶ֖רֶךְ
and Erech
erek, a place in babylon
#6
וְאַכַּ֣ד
and Accad
accad, a place in babylon
#7
וְכַלְנֵ֑ה
and Calneh
calneh or calno, a place in the assyrian empire
#8
בְּאֶ֖רֶץ
in the land
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#9
שִׁנְעָֽר׃
of Shinar
shinar, a plain in babylonia

Analysis

Within the broader context of Genesis, this passage highlights creation and providence through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of kingdom connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about kingdom, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Genesis.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the tribal and clan-based society of the ancient Near East. The author writes to address the foundational narrative for Israel's identity and relationship with God, making the emphasis on creation and providence particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show imperial and royal imagery familiar to subjects of ancient monarchies, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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