Exodus 32:12

Authorized King James Version

Wherefore should the Egyptians speak, and say, For mischief did he bring them out, to slay them in the mountains, and to consume them from the face of the earth? Turn from thy fierce wrath, and repent of this evil against thy people.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
לָמָּה֩
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#2
לֵאמֹ֗ר
and say
to say (used with great latitude)
#3
מִצְרַ֜יִם
Wherefore should the Egyptians
mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt
#4
לֵאמֹ֗ר
and say
to say (used with great latitude)
#5
הָֽרָעָ֖ה
For mischief
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
#6
הֽוֹצִיאָם֙
did he bring
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
#7
לַֽהֲרֹ֤ג
them out to slay
to smite with deadly intent
#8
אֹתָם֙
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#9
בֶּֽהָרִ֔ים
them in the mountains
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
#10
וּ֨לְכַלֹּתָ֔ם
and to consume
to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitive (to complete, prepare, consume)
#11
מֵעַ֖ל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#12
פְּנֵ֣י
them from the face
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#13
הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה
of the earth
soil (from its general redness)
#14
שׁ֚וּב
Turn
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#15
מֵֽחֲר֣וֹן
from thy fierce
a burning of anger
#16
אַפֶּ֔ךָ
wrath
properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
#17
וְהִנָּחֵ֥ם
and repent
properly, to sigh, i.e., breathe strongly; by implication, to be sorry, i.e., (in a favorable sense) to pity, console or (reflexively) rue; or (unfavo
#18
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#19
הָֽרָעָ֖ה
For mischief
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
#20
לְעַמֶּֽךָ׃
against thy people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing covenant community contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the period of Egyptian bondage and wilderness wandering (c. 1440-1400 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood covenant community. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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