Exodus 14:28

Authorized King James Version

And the waters returned, and covered the chariots, and the horsemen, and all the host of Pharaoh that came into the sea after them; there remained not so much as one of them.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ
returned
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#2
הַמַּ֗יִם
And the waters
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
#3
וַיְכַסּ֤וּ
and covered
properly, to plump, i.e., fill up hollows; by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy)
#4
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#5
הָרֶ֙כֶב֙
the chariots
a vehicle; by implication, a team; by extension, cavalry; by analogy a rider, i.e., the upper millstone
#6
וְאֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#7
הַפָּ֣רָשִׁ֔ים
and the horsemen
a steed (as stretched out to a vehicle, not single nor for mounting ); also (by implication) a driver (in a chariot), i.e., (collectively) cavalry
#8
לְכֹל֙
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#9
חֵ֣יל
and all the host
probably a force, whether of men, means or other resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength
#10
פַּרְעֹ֔ה
of Pharaoh
paroh, a general title of egyptian kings
#11
הַבָּאִ֥ים
that came
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#12
אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם
after
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
#13
בַּיָּ֑ם
into the sea
a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif
#14
לֹֽא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#15
נִשְׁאַ֥ר
them there remained
properly, to swell up, i.e., be (causatively, make) redundant
#16
בָּהֶ֖ם
H0
#17
עַד
not so much as
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
#18
אֶחָֽד׃
one
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the period of Egyptian bondage and wilderness wandering (c. 1440-1400 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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