Psalms 78:53

Authorized King James Version

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And he led them on safely, so that they feared not: but the sea overwhelmed their enemies.

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּנְחֵ֣ם And he led H5148
וַיַּנְחֵ֣ם And he led
Strong's: H5148
Word #: 1 of 8
to guide; by implication, to transport (into exile, or as colonists)
לָ֭בֶטַח them on safely H983
לָ֭בֶטַח them on safely
Strong's: H983
Word #: 2 of 8
properly, a place of refuge; abstract, safety, both the fact (security) and the feeling (trust); often (adverb with or without preposition) safely
וְלֹ֣א H3808
וְלֹ֣א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 3 of 8
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
פָחָ֑דוּ so that they feared H6342
פָחָ֑דוּ so that they feared
Strong's: H6342
Word #: 4 of 8
to be startled (by a sudden alarm); hence, to fear in general
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 5 of 8
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
א֝וֹיְבֵיהֶ֗ם their enemies H341
א֝וֹיְבֵיהֶ֗ם their enemies
Strong's: H341
Word #: 6 of 8
hating; an adversary
כִּסָּ֥ה overwhelmed H3680
כִּסָּ֥ה overwhelmed
Strong's: H3680
Word #: 7 of 8
properly, to plump, i.e., fill up hollows; by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy)
הַיָּֽם׃ not but the sea H3220
הַיָּֽם׃ not but the sea
Strong's: H3220
Word #: 8 of 8
a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif

Analysis & Commentary

And he led them on safely, so that they feared not: but the sea overwhelmed their enemies. God's guidance produced safely (labetach, לָבֶטַח)—confident security amid danger. The Hebrew root batach means to trust or feel secure, indicating that safety was both objective (God's protection) and subjective (Israel's confidence). They feared not because divine presence banishes terror (Psalm 23:4).

The dramatic contrast—Israel's safety versus Egypt's drowning—underscores God's discriminating judgment. The sea overwhelmed their enemies (kissah et-oyeveihem, כִּסָּה אֶת־אֹיְבֵיהֶם) recalls the Red Sea crossing (Exodus 14:26-28), where the same waters that saved Israel destroyed Pharaoh's army. This pattern repeats throughout redemptive history: baptism saves believers but signifies judgment for unbelievers (1 Peter 3:20-21).

The psalm emphasizes divine agency—God led, God made safe, God overwhelmed. Israel's role was passive trust; Yahweh did the fighting. This anticipates Paul's teaching that salvation is by grace through faith, not human effort (Ephesians 2:8-9).

Historical Context

The Red Sea deliverance became Israel's foundational salvation event, commemorated annually in Passover. Crossing through water prefigured Christian baptism (1 Corinthians 10:1-2). For Asaph's audience facing Assyrian threats, remembering God's past deliverances encouraged faith that He would act again—a principle Jesus affirmed (Matthew 6:25-34).

Questions for Reflection

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