Psalms 78:53

Authorized King James Version

And he led them on safely, so that they feared not: but the sea overwhelmed their enemies.

Word-by-Word Analysis

וַיַּנְחֵ֣ם

H5148

And he led

to guide; by implication, to transport (into exile, or as colonists)

לָ֭בֶטַח

H983

them on safely

properly, a place of refuge; abstract, safety, both the fact (security) and the feeling (trust); often (adverb with or without preposition) safely

וְלֹ֣א

H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

פָחָ֑דוּ

H6342

so that they feared

to be startled (by a sudden alarm); hence, to fear in general

וְאֶת

H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

א֝וֹיְבֵיהֶ֗ם

H341

their enemies

hating; an adversary

כִּסָּ֥ה

H3680

overwhelmed

properly, to plump, i.e., fill up hollows; by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy)

הַיָּֽם׃

H3220

not but the sea

a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine revelation reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection

How does the worship and praise theme in this verse connect to the overarching narrative of Scripture, and what does this reveal about God's character and purposes?
In what ways does understanding divine revelation in its original context challenge or deepen contemporary Christian thinking about worship and praise?
What systematic theological implications arise from this verse's treatment of worship and praise, and how does it contribute to a biblical theology of fundamental Christian doctrine?