Ephesians 4:18

Authorized King James Version

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Having the understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of their heart:

Original Language Analysis

ἐσκοτισμένοι darkened G4654
ἐσκοτισμένοι darkened
Strong's: G4654
Word #: 1 of 22
to obscure (literally or figuratively)
τῇ G3588
τῇ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 2 of 22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
διανοίᾳ Having the understanding G1271
διανοίᾳ Having the understanding
Strong's: G1271
Word #: 3 of 22
deep thought, properly, the faculty (mind or its disposition), by implication, its exercise
οὖσαν being G5607
οὖσαν being
Strong's: G5607
Word #: 4 of 22
being
ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι alienated G526
ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι alienated
Strong's: G526
Word #: 5 of 22
to estrange away, i.e., (passively and figuratively) to be non-participant
τῆς G3588
τῆς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 6 of 22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ζωῆς from the life G2222
ζωῆς from the life
Strong's: G2222
Word #: 7 of 22
life (literally or figuratively)
τοῦ G3588
τοῦ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 8 of 22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
θεοῦ of God G2316
θεοῦ of God
Strong's: G2316
Word #: 9 of 22
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
διὰ because G1223
διὰ because
Strong's: G1223
Word #: 10 of 22
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
τὴν G3588
τὴν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 11 of 22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἄγνοιαν the ignorance G52
ἄγνοιαν the ignorance
Strong's: G52
Word #: 12 of 22
ignorance (properly, the quality)
τὴν G3588
τὴν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 13 of 22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
οὖσαν being G5607
οὖσαν being
Strong's: G5607
Word #: 14 of 22
being
ἐν in G1722
ἐν in
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 15 of 22
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
αὐτῶν of their G846
αὐτῶν of their
Strong's: G846
Word #: 16 of 22
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
διὰ because G1223
διὰ because
Strong's: G1223
Word #: 17 of 22
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
τὴν G3588
τὴν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 18 of 22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
πώρωσιν of the blindness G4457
πώρωσιν of the blindness
Strong's: G4457
Word #: 19 of 22
stupidity or callousness
τῆς G3588
τῆς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 20 of 22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
καρδίας heart G2588
καρδίας heart
Strong's: G2588
Word #: 21 of 22
the heart, i.e., (figuratively) the thoughts or feelings (mind); also (by analogy) the middle
αὐτῶν of their G846
αὐτῶν of their
Strong's: G846
Word #: 22 of 22
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Cross References

Matthew 13:15For this people's heart is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing, and their eyes they have closed; lest at any time they should see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and should understand with their heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them.Ephesians 2:12That at that time ye were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world:John 12:40He hath blinded their eyes, and hardened their heart; that they should not see with their eyes, nor understand with their heart, and be converted, and I should heal them.1 Thessalonians 4:5Not in the lust of concupiscence, even as the Gentiles which know not God:2 Corinthians 4:4In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of them which believe not, lest the light of the glorious gospel of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine unto them.James 4:4Ye adulterers and adulteresses, know ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity with God? whosoever therefore will be a friend of the world is the enemy of God.Colossians 1:21And you, that were sometime alienated and enemies in your mind by wicked works, yet now hath he reconciled1 John 2:11But he that hateth his brother is in darkness, and walketh in darkness, and knoweth not whither he goeth, because that darkness hath blinded his eyes.Galatians 4:8Howbeit then, when ye knew not God, ye did service unto them which by nature are no gods.Romans 11:25For I would not, brethren, that ye should be ignorant of this mystery, lest ye should be wise in your own conceits; that blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in.

Analysis & Commentary

[Verse 4:18 text would be quoted here] This verse in Ephesians chapter 4 addresses theological theme. Key Greek terms include to be determined.

The theological focus is doctrinal emphasis, demonstrating Paul's emphasis on the cosmic Christ and the church as His body/bride/temple. The phrase emphasizes union with Christ as the foundation of all spiritual blessings.

Historical Context

Written during Paul's Roman imprisonment (60-62 CE), this verse in chapter 4 reflects the circular letter's purpose to multiple Asian churches. Ephesus was a major center of pagan worship (Artemis cult) and early Christianity, making Paul's teachings on spiritual warfare and Christian unity particularly relevant.

Questions for Reflection

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