Ephesians 4:18

Authorized King James Version

Having the understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of their heart:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἐσκοτισμένοι
darkened
to obscure (literally or figuratively)
#2
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#3
διανοίᾳ
Having the understanding
deep thought, properly, the faculty (mind or its disposition), by implication, its exercise
#4
οὖσαν
being
being
#5
ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι
alienated
to estrange away, i.e., (passively and figuratively) to be non-participant
#6
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
ζωῆς
from the life
life (literally or figuratively)
#8
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
θεοῦ
of God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#10
διὰ
because
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#11
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
ἄγνοιαν
G52
the ignorance
ignorance (properly, the quality)
#13
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
οὖσαν
being
being
#15
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#16
αὐτῶν
of their
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#17
διὰ
because
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#18
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#19
πώρωσιν
of the blindness
stupidity or callousness
#20
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#21
καρδίας
heart
the heart, i.e., (figuratively) the thoughts or feelings (mind); also (by analogy) the middle
#22
αὐτῶν
of their
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing life contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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