Ephesians 2:12
That at that time ye were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world:
Original Language Analysis
ὅτι
That
G3754
ὅτι
That
Strong's:
G3754
Word #:
1 of 27
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
τῷ
G3588
τῷ
Strong's:
G3588
Word #:
4 of 27
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἐκείνῳ
that
G1565
ἐκείνῳ
that
Strong's:
G1565
Word #:
6 of 27
that one (or (neuter) thing); often intensified by the article prefixed
χωρὶς
without
G5565
χωρὶς
without
Strong's:
G5565
Word #:
7 of 27
at a space, i.e., separately or apart from (often as preposition)
ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι
being aliens
G526
ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι
being aliens
Strong's:
G526
Word #:
9 of 27
to estrange away, i.e., (passively and figuratively) to be non-participant
τῆς
G3588
τῆς
Strong's:
G3588
Word #:
10 of 27
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
πολιτείας
from the commonwealth
G4174
πολιτείας
from the commonwealth
Strong's:
G4174
Word #:
11 of 27
citizenship; concretely, a community
τοῦ
G3588
τοῦ
Strong's:
G3588
Word #:
12 of 27
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
Ἰσραὴλ
of Israel
G2474
Ἰσραὴλ
of Israel
Strong's:
G2474
Word #:
13 of 27
israel (i.e., jisrael), the adopted name of jacob, including his descendants (literally or figuratively)
καὶ
and
G2532
καὶ
and
Strong's:
G2532
Word #:
14 of 27
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ξένοι
strangers
G3581
ξένοι
strangers
Strong's:
G3581
Word #:
15 of 27
foreign (literally, alien, or figuratively, novel); by implication, a guest or (vice-versa) entertainer
τῶν
G3588
τῶν
Strong's:
G3588
Word #:
16 of 27
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
διαθηκῶν
from the covenants
G1242
διαθηκῶν
from the covenants
Strong's:
G1242
Word #:
17 of 27
properly, a disposition, i.e., (specially) a contract (especially a devisory will)
τῆς
G3588
τῆς
Strong's:
G3588
Word #:
18 of 27
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἐπαγγελίας
of promise
G1860
ἐπαγγελίας
of promise
Strong's:
G1860
Word #:
19 of 27
an announcement (for information, assent or pledge; especially a divine assurance of good)
μὴ
no
G3361
μὴ
no
Strong's:
G3361
Word #:
21 of 27
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
ἔχοντες
having
G2192
ἔχοντες
having
Strong's:
G2192
Word #:
22 of 27
to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio
καὶ
and
G2532
καὶ
and
Strong's:
G2532
Word #:
23 of 27
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
Cross References
Galatians 4:8Howbeit then, when ye knew not God, ye did service unto them which by nature are no gods.Colossians 1:21And you, that were sometime alienated and enemies in your mind by wicked works, yet now hath he reconciled1 Peter 1:3Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which according to his abundant mercy hath begotten us again unto a lively hope by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead,Ephesians 4:18Having the understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of their heart:1 Thessalonians 4:13But I would not have you to be ignorant, brethren, concerning them which are asleep, that ye sorrow not, even as others which have no hope.Ezekiel 37:26Moreover I will make a covenant of peace with them; it shall be an everlasting covenant with them: and I will place them, and multiply them, and will set my sanctuary in the midst of them for evermore.1 Thessalonians 4:5Not in the lust of concupiscence, even as the Gentiles which know not God:John 15:5I am the vine, ye are the branches: He that abideth in me, and I in him, the same bringeth forth much fruit: for without me ye can do nothing.Hebrews 6:18That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have a strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us:Acts 3:25Ye are the children of the prophets, and of the covenant which God made with our fathers, saying unto Abraham, And in thy seed shall all the kindreds of the earth be blessed.
Historical Context
Written during Paul's Roman imprisonment (60-62 CE), this verse in chapter 2 reflects the circular letter's purpose to multiple Asian churches. Ephesus was a major center of pagan worship (Artemis cult) and early Christianity, making Paul's teachings on spiritual warfare and Christian unity particularly relevant.
Questions for Reflection
- How does the truth of Ephesians 2:12 about verse-specific transform your daily walk with Christ?
- What does this verse teach about theological theme that challenges modern Christian practice?
- How can you apply the theological principle of doctrinal emphasis in your relationships and witness?
Analysis & Commentary
[Verse 2:12 text would be quoted here] This verse in Ephesians chapter 2 addresses theological theme. Key Greek terms include to be determined.
The theological focus is doctrinal emphasis, demonstrating Paul's emphasis on the cosmic Christ and the church as His body/bride/temple. The phrase emphasizes union with Christ as the foundation of all spiritual blessings.