Galatians 4:8

Authorized King James Version

Howbeit then, when ye knew not God, ye did service unto them which by nature are no gods.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Ἀλλὰ
Howbeit
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#2
τότε
then
the when, i.e., at the time that (of the past or future, also in consecution)
#3
μὲν
properly, indicative of affirmation or concession (in fact); usually followed by a contrasted clause with g1161 (this one, the former, etc.)
#4
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#5
εἰδότες
when ye knew
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#6
θεοῖς·
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#7
ἐδουλεύσατε
ye did service
to be a slave to (literal or figurative, involuntary or voluntary)
#8
τοῖς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
μὴ
no
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#10
φύσει
unto them which by nature
growth (by germination or expansion), i.e., (by implication) natural production (lineal descent); by extension, a genus or sort; figuratively, native
#11
οὖσιν
are
being
#12
θεοῖς·
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Galatians, this passage highlights salvation through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Galatians.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection