Matthew 13:15

Authorized King James Version

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For this people's heart is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing, and their eyes they have closed; lest at any time they should see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and should understand with their heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them.

Original Language Analysis

ἐπαχύνθη is waxed gross G3975
ἐπαχύνθη is waxed gross
Strong's: G3975
Word #: 1 of 34
to thicken, i.e., (by implication) to fatten (figuratively, stupefy or render callous)
γὰρ For G1063
γὰρ For
Strong's: G1063
Word #: 2 of 34
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 3 of 34
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
καρδίᾳ heart G2588
καρδίᾳ heart
Strong's: G2588
Word #: 4 of 34
the heart, i.e., (figuratively) the thoughts or feelings (mind); also (by analogy) the middle
τοῦ G3588
τοῦ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 5 of 34
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
λαοῦ people's G2992
λαοῦ people's
Strong's: G2992
Word #: 6 of 34
a people (in general; thus differing from g1218, which denotes one's own populace)
τούτου this G5127
τούτου this
Strong's: G5127
Word #: 7 of 34
of (from or concerning) this (person or thing)
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 8 of 34
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
τοῖς G3588
τοῖς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 9 of 34
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ὠσὶν their ears G3775
ὠσὶν their ears
Strong's: G3775
Word #: 10 of 34
the ear (physically or mentally)
βαρέως are dull G917
βαρέως are dull
Strong's: G917
Word #: 11 of 34
heavily (figuratively)
ἀκούσωσιν hear G191
ἀκούσωσιν hear
Strong's: G191
Word #: 12 of 34
to hear (in various senses)
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 13 of 34
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
τοὺς G3588
τοὺς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 14 of 34
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ὀφθαλμοῖς eyes G3788
ὀφθαλμοῖς eyes
Strong's: G3788
Word #: 15 of 34
the eye (literally or figuratively); by implication, vision; figuratively, envy (from the jealous side-glance)
αὐτούς them G846
αὐτούς them
Strong's: G846
Word #: 16 of 34
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ἐκάμμυσαν they have closed G2576
ἐκάμμυσαν they have closed
Strong's: G2576
Word #: 17 of 34
to shut down, i.e., close the eyes
μήποτε lest at any time G3379
μήποτε lest at any time
Strong's: G3379
Word #: 18 of 34
not ever; also if (or lest) ever (or perhaps)
ἴδωσιν they should see G1492
ἴδωσιν they should see
Strong's: G1492
Word #: 19 of 34
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
τοῖς G3588
τοῖς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 20 of 34
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ὀφθαλμοῖς eyes G3788
ὀφθαλμοῖς eyes
Strong's: G3788
Word #: 21 of 34
the eye (literally or figuratively); by implication, vision; figuratively, envy (from the jealous side-glance)
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 22 of 34
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
τοῖς G3588
τοῖς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 23 of 34
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ὠσὶν their ears G3775
ὠσὶν their ears
Strong's: G3775
Word #: 24 of 34
the ear (physically or mentally)
ἀκούσωσιν hear G191
ἀκούσωσιν hear
Strong's: G191
Word #: 25 of 34
to hear (in various senses)
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 26 of 34
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
τῇ G3588
τῇ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 27 of 34
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
καρδίᾳ heart G2588
καρδίᾳ heart
Strong's: G2588
Word #: 28 of 34
the heart, i.e., (figuratively) the thoughts or feelings (mind); also (by analogy) the middle
συνῶσιν should understand G4920
συνῶσιν should understand
Strong's: G4920
Word #: 29 of 34
to put together, i.e., (mentally) to comprehend; by implication, to act piously
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 30 of 34
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἐπιστρέψωσιν should be converted G1994
ἐπιστρέψωσιν should be converted
Strong's: G1994
Word #: 31 of 34
to revert (literally, figuratively or morally)
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 32 of 34
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἰάσωμαι I should heal G2390
ἰάσωμαι I should heal
Strong's: G2390
Word #: 33 of 34
to cure (literally or figuratively)
αὐτούς them G846
αὐτούς them
Strong's: G846
Word #: 34 of 34
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis & Commentary

'For this people's heart is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing, and their eyes they have closed; lest at any time they should see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and should understand with their heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them.' Jesus continues quoting Isaiah 6:10, explaining why seeing/hearing don't produce understanding: the 'heart is waxed gross' (ἐπαχύνθη γὰρ ἡ καρδία/epachynthē gar hē kardia)—literally 'has become fat, thick, insensitive.' Their ears are 'dull' (βαρέως ἤκουσαν/bareōs ēkousan, heavy, sluggish); their eyes 'they have closed' (ἐκάμμυσαν/ekammysan)—active voice indicating deliberate choice. This grammatical detail is crucial: they closed their own eyes. The result: they won't see, hear, understand, be converted, or be healed. Reformed theology sees both human responsibility (they closed their eyes) and divine judgment (God confirms their hardness). The verse describes willful blindness becoming judicial blindness: persistent rejection leads to inability to respond. The tragedy: they avoid conversion and healing—missing salvation through stubborn resistance.

Historical Context

Isaiah's original context: eighth-century BC Judah under Ahaz and Hezekiah, facing Assyrian threat while trusting Egypt rather than God, maintaining temple worship while oppressing poor, performing sacrifices while violating covenant. Their hearts had 'grown fat'—self-satisfied, comfortable in sin, resistant to correction. The metaphor: overfed animals become sluggish, insensitive. Similarly, Judah's spiritual obesity (prosperity, self-righteousness, religious routine) deadened spiritual perception. By Jesus's time, pattern repeated: religious establishment was self-satisfied, comfortable, resistant to prophetic challenge. They had everything—Scripture, temple, tradition—yet missed Messiah standing before them. They'd closed their eyes deliberately, refusing evidence that threatened comfortable assumptions. Church history shows this pattern continuing: Christendom's prosperity often produces spiritual obesity—comfortable religion losing vital connection to truth. Reformation was partly reaction against this. Modern Western church faces similar danger: material comfort, cultural Christianity, self-satisfied moralism blinding eyes to genuine gospel. Fat hearts can't perceive truth requiring repentance and transformation.

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