Ecclesiastes 4:9

Authorized King James Version

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Two are better than one; because they have a good reward for their labour.

Original Language Analysis

ט֖וֹב a good H2896
ט֖וֹב a good
Strong's: H2896
Word #: 1 of 10
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good
הַשְּׁנַ֖יִם Two H8147
הַשְּׁנַ֖יִם Two
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 2 of 10
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
מִן H4480
מִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 3 of 10
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הָאֶחָ֑ד than one H259
הָאֶחָ֑ד than one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 4 of 10
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
אֲשֶׁ֧ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֧ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 5 of 10
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
יֵשׁ because they have H3426
יֵשׁ because they have
Strong's: H3426
Word #: 6 of 10
there is or are (or any other form of the verb to be, as may suit the connection)
לָהֶ֛ם H1992
לָהֶ֛ם
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 7 of 10
they (only used when emphatic)
שָׂכָ֥ר reward H7939
שָׂכָ֥ר reward
Strong's: H7939
Word #: 8 of 10
payment of contract; concretely, salary, fare, maintenance; by implication, compensation, benefit
ט֖וֹב a good H2896
ט֖וֹב a good
Strong's: H2896
Word #: 9 of 10
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good
בַּעֲמָלָֽם׃ for their labour H5999
בַּעֲמָלָֽם׃ for their labour
Strong's: H5999
Word #: 10 of 10
toil, i.e., wearing effort; hence, worry, whether of body or mind

Analysis & Commentary

This verse begins Ecclesiastes' profound meditation on companionship and community. The simple declaration 'Two are better than one' counters radical individualism with relational wisdom. The Hebrew 'tovim' (better/good) indicates not merely pragmatic advantage but qualitative goodness. The rationale—'they have a good reward for their labour' (Hebrew 'sakar tov,' good wages/return)—shows that collaborative effort produces superior results. This principle operates physically (shared labor), emotionally (mutual encouragement), and spiritually (corporate worship, accountability). The verse challenges both self-sufficiency idolatry and codependency, instead promoting interdependent relationships that honor God's design for human community.

Historical Context

Ancient Near Eastern culture was communal, not individualistic. Israelite society organized around families, clans, and tribes, with isolated individuals extremely vulnerable. The wilderness journey required tribal cooperation; farming often involved shared labor. Proverbs repeatedly warns against isolation and commends wise companionship (Proverbs 18:1, 27:17). Jesus sent disciples in pairs (Mark 6:7), Paul had ministry partners (Barnabas, Silas, Timothy), and the early church practiced radical community (Acts 2:44-45). Monastic movements emphasized community over hermitage. Modern Western hyper-individualism makes this wisdom particularly countercultural and necessary.

Questions for Reflection