Ecclesiastes 4:10

Authorized King James Version

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For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow: but woe to him that is alone when he falleth; for he hath not another to help him up.

Original Language Analysis

כִּ֣י H3588
כִּ֣י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 1 of 13
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
אִם H518
אִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 2 of 13
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
שֶׁיִּפּ֔וֹל For if they fall H5307
שֶׁיִּפּ֔וֹל For if they fall
Strong's: H5307
Word #: 3 of 13
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
הָֽאֶחָד֙ the one H259
הָֽאֶחָד֙ the one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 4 of 13
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
לַהֲקִימֽוֹ׃ to help him up H6965
לַהֲקִימֽוֹ׃ to help him up
Strong's: H6965
Word #: 5 of 13
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 6 of 13
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
חֲבֵר֑וֹ his fellow H2270
חֲבֵר֑וֹ his fellow
Strong's: H2270
Word #: 7 of 13
an associate
וְאִ֣יל֗וֹ but woe H337
וְאִ֣יל֗וֹ but woe
Strong's: H337
Word #: 8 of 13
alas!
הָֽאֶחָד֙ the one H259
הָֽאֶחָד֙ the one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 9 of 13
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
שֶׁיִּפּ֔וֹל For if they fall H5307
שֶׁיִּפּ֔וֹל For if they fall
Strong's: H5307
Word #: 10 of 13
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
וְאֵ֥ין H369
וְאֵ֥ין
Strong's: H369
Word #: 11 of 13
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
שֵׁנִ֖י for he hath not another H8145
שֵׁנִ֖י for he hath not another
Strong's: H8145
Word #: 12 of 13
properly, double, i.e., second; also adverbially, again
לַהֲקִימֽוֹ׃ to help him up H6965
לַהֲקִימֽוֹ׃ to help him up
Strong's: H6965
Word #: 13 of 13
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

Analysis & Commentary

This verse illustrates the practical value of companionship through the metaphor of falling. The Hebrew 'naphal' (fall) can mean literal stumbling or metaphorical failure/misfortune. The companion 'will lift up his fellow' (Hebrew 'yaqim et-chavero'), demonstrating active mutual support. The solemn warning 'woe to him that is alone when he falleth' uses the Hebrew 'oy' (woe/alas), expressing grief over preventable tragedy. The one without companionship 'hath not another to help him up'—emphasizing the dire consequences of isolation. This verse moves beyond pragmatic partnership to compassionate care: friends not only work together but rescue one another. It anticipates Christian koinonia (fellowship) where believers 'bear one another's burdens' (Galatians 6:2).

Historical Context

Travel in ancient Palestine was dangerous—roads threatened by bandits, cliffs, wild animals. A lone traveler who fell unconscious from heatstroke, injury, or assault might die unnoticed. Shepherds worked in teams; merchants traveled in caravans. The Good Samaritan parable (Luke 10:25-37) illustrates this reality: the injured man would have died without intervention. Ecclesiastes' warning resonates with James's exhortation to confess sins to one another (James 5:16) and restore fallen brothers gently (Galatians 6:1). Modern Western isolation—living alone, commuting alone, working remotely—creates spiritual danger Ecclesiastes warns against: falling with no one to notice or help.

Questions for Reflection