Acts 7:30

Authorized King James Version

And when forty years were expired, there appeared to him in the wilderness of mount Sina an angel of the Lord in a flame of fire in a bush.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
πληρωθέντων
were expired
to make replete, i.e., (literally) to cram (a net), level up (a hollow), or (figuratively) to furnish (or imbue, diffuse, influence), satisfy, execute
#3
ἐτῶν
years
a year
#4
τεσσαράκοντα
when forty
forty
#5
ὤφθη
there appeared
to gaze (i.e., with wide-open eyes, as at something remarkable; and thus differing from g0991, which denotes simply voluntary observation; and from g1
#6
αὐτῷ
to him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#7
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#8
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
ἐρήμῳ
the wilderness
lonesome, i.e., (by implication) waste (usually as a noun, g5561 being implied)
#10
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
ὄρους
of mount
a mountain (as lifting itself above the plain)
#12
Σινᾶ
Sina
sina (i.e., sinai), a mountain in arabia
#13
ἄγγελος
G32
an angel
compare g0034) (to bring tidings); a messenger; especially an "angel"; by implication, a pastor
#14
Κυρίου
of the Lord
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
#15
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#16
φλογὶ
a flame
a blaze
#17
πυρὸς
of fire
"fire" (literally or figuratively, specially, lightning)
#18
βάτου
in a bush
a brier shrub

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Acts Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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