Acts 4:8

Authorized King James Version

Then Peter, filled with the Holy Ghost, said unto them, Ye rulers of the people, and elders of Israel,

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
τότε
Then
the when, i.e., at the time that (of the past or future, also in consecution)
#2
Πέτρος
Peter
a (piece of) rock (larger than g3037); as a name, petrus, an apostle
#3
πλησθεὶς
filled
to "fill" (literally or figuratively (imbue, influence, supply)); specially, to fulfil (time)
#4
πνεύματος
Ghost
a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin
#5
ἁγίου
G40
with the Holy
sacred (physically, pure, morally blameless or religious, ceremonially, consecrated)
#6
εἶπεν
said
to speak or say (by word or writing)
#7
πρὸς
unto
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,
#8
αὐτούς
them
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#9
Ἄρχοντες
Ye rulers
a first (in rank or power)
#10
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
λαοῦ
of the people
a people (in general; thus differing from g1218, which denotes one's own populace)
#12
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#13
πρεσβύτεροι
elders
older; as noun, a senior; specially, an israelite sanhedrist (also figuratively, member of the celestial council) or christian "presbyter"
#14
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
Ἰσραὴλ,
of Israel
israel (i.e., jisrael), the adopted name of jacob, including his descendants (literally or figuratively)

Analysis

The kingdom of God theme here intersects with the progressive revelation of God's rule from creation to consummation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of development from creation mandate through Davidic kingdom to eschatological fulfillment. The phrase emphasizing covenant community contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's reign from creation through the millennial kingdom.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on kingdom of God particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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