Acts 2:23

Authorized King James Version

Him, being delivered by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God, ye have taken, and by wicked hands have crucified and slain:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
τοῦτον
Him
this (person, as objective of verb or preposition)
#2
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#3
ὡρισμένῃ
by the determinate
to mark out or bound ("horizon"), i.e., (figuratively) to appoint, decree, specify
#4
βουλῇ
counsel
volition, i.e., (objectively) advice, or (by implication) purpose
#5
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#6
προγνώσει
foreknowledge
forethought
#7
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
θεοῦ
of God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#9
ἔκδοτον
being delivered
given out or over, i.e., surrendered
#10
λαβόντες
ye have taken
while g0138 is more violent, to seize or remove))
#11
διὰ
and by
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#12
χειρῶν
hands
the hand (literally or figuratively (power); especially (by hebraism) a means or instrument)
#13
ἀνόμων
wicked
lawless, i.e., (negatively) not subject to (the jewish) law; (by implication, a gentile), or (positively) wicked
#14
προσπήξαντες
have crucified
to fasten to, i.e., (specially), to impale (on a cross)
#15
ἀνείλετε
and slain
to take up, i.e., adopt; by implication, to take away (violently), i.e., abolish, murder

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Acts Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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