Matthew 5:17
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Matthew 5:17
17 Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil.
Chapter Context
Matthew 5 is a ethical teaching chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of grace, faith, worship. Written during the late first century CE (c. 80-90 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Written when Christianity was separating from Judaism following Jerusalem's destruction.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-48: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it presents Jesus' ethical teaching in the Sermon on the Mount. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Matthew and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Matthew 5:17
17 Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil.
Analysis
This verse stands as a pivotal declaration in the Sermon on the Mount, addressing concerns that Jesus' ministry contradicts the Old Testament. The Greek word 'kataluo' (καταλύω) means to destroy, dismantle, or abolish. Jesus emphatically denies this intention. Instead, He came to 'fulfill' (πληρόω/plerosai) the Law and Prophets—to complete, accomplish, and bring to full expression. This fulfillment operates on multiple levels:
- Jesus perfectly obeyed the Law's demands
- He accomplished the prophetic promises pointing to Messiah,
- He revealed the Law's deepest meaning and intent.
Far from abolishing Scripture, Jesus establishes it on firmer ground by embodying its righteousness and explaining its true spiritual significance.
Historical Context
First-century Judaism held Scripture (Torah and Prophets) in highest reverence. Pharisees and scribes meticulously preserved and interpreted the Law. When Jesus challenged their traditions (Mark 7:1-13) and reinterpreted Sabbath law (Matthew 12:1-8), religious leaders accused Him of undermining Scripture. This context makes Jesus' clarification crucial—He honors Scripture's authority while exposing how traditions had obscured its true meaning. Early Christians, many from Jewish backgrounds, needed this teaching to understand continuity between Old and New Covenants.
Reflection
- How does Jesus fulfill the Law in ways that go beyond mere obedience to its commands?
- In what ways might we 'destroy' Scripture by misinterpretation or selective application?
- How should this verse shape our reading of the Old Testament in light of Christ?
Word Studies
- Law: νόμος (Nomos) G3551 - Law
Cross-References
- Word: Matthew 7:12, Isaiah 42:21, Luke 16:17, Romans 3:31, 8:4, 10:4
- Parallel theme: Matthew 3:15