Zechariah 2:4

Authorized King James Version

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And said unto him, Run, speak to this young man, saying, Jerusalem shall be inhabited as towns without walls for the multitude of men and cattle therein:

Original Language Analysis

לֵאמֹ֑ר And said H559
לֵאמֹ֑ר And said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 15
to say (used with great latitude)
אֵלָ֔ו H413
אֵלָ֔ו
Strong's: H413
Word #: 2 of 15
near, with or among; often in general, to
רֻ֗ץ unto him Run H7323
רֻ֗ץ unto him Run
Strong's: H7323
Word #: 3 of 15
to run (for whatever reason, especially to rush)
דַּבֵּ֛ר speak H1696
דַּבֵּ֛ר speak
Strong's: H1696
Word #: 4 of 15
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 5 of 15
near, with or among; often in general, to
הַנַּ֥עַר young man H5288
הַנַּ֥עַר young man
Strong's: H5288
Word #: 6 of 15
(concretely) a boy (as active), from the age of infancy to adolescence; by implication, a servant; also (by interch. of sex), a girl (of similar latit
הַלָּ֖ז to this H1975
הַלָּ֖ז to this
Strong's: H1975
Word #: 7 of 15
this or that
לֵאמֹ֑ר And said H559
לֵאמֹ֑ר And said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 8 of 15
to say (used with great latitude)
פְּרָזוֹת֙ as towns without walls H6519
פְּרָזוֹת֙ as towns without walls
Strong's: H6519
Word #: 9 of 15
an open country
תֵּשֵׁ֣ב shall be inhabited H3427
תֵּשֵׁ֣ב shall be inhabited
Strong's: H3427
Word #: 10 of 15
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם Jerusalem H3389
יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם Jerusalem
Strong's: H3389
Word #: 11 of 15
jerushalaim or jerushalem, the capital city of palestine
מֵרֹ֥ב for the multitude H7230
מֵרֹ֥ב for the multitude
Strong's: H7230
Word #: 12 of 15
abundance (in any respect)
אָדָ֛ם of men H120
אָדָ֛ם of men
Strong's: H120
Word #: 13 of 15
ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
וּבְהֵמָ֖ה and cattle H929
וּבְהֵמָ֖ה and cattle
Strong's: H929
Word #: 14 of 15
properly, a dumb beast; especially any large quadruped or animal (often collective)
בְּתוֹכָֽהּ׃ therein H8432
בְּתוֹכָֽהּ׃ therein
Strong's: H8432
Word #: 15 of 15
a bisection, i.e., (by implication) the center

Cross References

Zechariah 1:17Cry yet, saying, Thus saith the LORD of hosts; My cities through prosperity shall yet be spread abroad; and the LORD shall yet comfort Zion, and shall yet choose Jerusalem.Ezekiel 38:11And thou shalt say, I will go up to the land of unwalled villages; I will go to them that are at rest, that dwell safely, all of them dwelling without walls, and having neither bars nor gates,Micah 7:11In the day that thy walls are to be built, in that day shall the decree be far removed.Isaiah 44:26That confirmeth the word of his servant, and performeth the counsel of his messengers; that saith to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be inhabited; and to the cities of Judah, Ye shall be built, and I will raise up the decayed places thereof:Isaiah 49:20The children which thou shalt have, after thou hast lost the other, shall say again in thine ears, The place is too strait for me: give place to me that I may dwell.Jeremiah 33:22As the host of heaven cannot be numbered, neither the sand of the sea measured: so will I multiply the seed of David my servant, and the Levites that minister unto me.Jeremiah 31:27Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of man, and with the seed of beast.Zechariah 12:6In that day will I make the governors of Judah like an hearth of fire among the wood, and like a torch of fire in a sheaf; and they shall devour all the people round about, on the right hand and on the left: and Jerusalem shall be inhabited again in her own place, even in Jerusalem.

Analysis & Commentary

And said unto him, Run, speak to this young man, saying, Jerusalem shall be inhabited as towns without walls for the multitude of men and cattle therein. The urgent command ruts (רוּץ, run!) indicates immediate, pressing communication. The message must reach hana'ar halaz (הַנַּעַר הַלָּז, this young man—likely the man with measuring line) before he limits Jerusalem by human measurements. Perazot (פְּרָזוֹת, unwalled towns/villages) describes settlements without defensive walls, typically indicating peace, security, and expansion beyond fortifiable limits.

The reason: merov adam u-vehemah betokha (מֵרֹב אָדָם וּבְהֵמָה בְּתוֹכָהּ, the multitude of men and cattle within it). Jerusalem's population will grow so large that walls cannot contain them. This promises extraordinary blessing—both numerical growth (people) and economic prosperity (cattle). The city will overflow with life, exceeding any planned boundaries.

This prophecy subverts conventional ancient Near Eastern expectations. Cities needed walls for protection; unwalled settlements indicated vulnerability. But God promises both expansion (unwalled) and protection (v. 5: He'll be a wall of fire). This demonstrates that divine blessing transcends human security measures—God's presence provides better defense than stone walls.

Historical Context

Ancient cities required walls for survival against enemies. Jerusalem's walls, destroyed by Babylon in 586 BC, wouldn't be rebuilt until Nehemiah (445 BC)—75 years after this vision. The promise of dwelling safely without walls seemed impossible in a hostile environment where Samaritans, Ammonites, and others opposed Jewish restoration.

Yet God promises population growth requiring expansion beyond walls. Historically, this had partial fulfillment as Jewish population increased, but complete fulfillment awaits the eschatological Jerusalem. Zechariah 14:10-11 describes Jerusalem dwelling safely, and Ezekiel 38:11 depicts Israel dwelling securely in unwalled villages when Gog attacks (finding them protected by God Himself). Ultimately, the New Jerusalem (Revelation 21:16-17) has walls for glory but needs no physical protection because God's presence fills it.

Questions for Reflection