Zechariah 10:2

Authorized King James Version

For the idols have spoken vanity, and the diviners have seen a lie, and have told false dreams; they comfort in vain: therefore they went their way as a flock, they were troubled, because there was no shepherd.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כִּ֧י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#2
הַתְּרָפִ֣ים
For the idols
teraphim (singular or plural) a family idol
#3
יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ
and have told
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
#4
אָ֗וֶן
vanity
strictly nothingness; also trouble, vanity, wickedness; specifically an idol
#5
וְהַקּֽוֹסְמִים֙
and the diviners
properly, to distribute, i.e., determine by lot or magical scroll; by implication, to divine
#6
חָ֣זוּ
have seen
to gaze at; mentally to perceive, contemplate (with pleasure); specifically, to have a vision of
#7
שֶׁ֔קֶר
a lie
an untruth; by implication, a sham (often adverbial)
#8
וַֽחֲלֹמוֹת֙
dreams
a dream
#9
הַשָּׁ֣וא
false
evil (as destructive), literally (ruin) or morally (especially guile); figuratively idolatry (as false, subjective), uselessness (as deceptive, object
#10
יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ
and have told
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
#11
הֶ֖בֶל
in vain
emptiness or vanity; figuratively, something transitory and unsatisfactory; often used as an adverb
#12
יְנַֽחֵמ֑וּן
they comfort
properly, to sigh, i.e., breathe strongly; by implication, to be sorry, i.e., (in a favorable sense) to pity, console or (reflexively) rue; or (unfavo
#13
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#14
כֵּן֙
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
#15
נָסְע֣וּ
therefore they went
properly, to pull up, especially the tent-pins, i.e., start on a journey
#16
כְמוֹ
as, thus, so
#17
צֹ֔אן
their way as a flock
a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
#18
יַעֲנ֖וּ
they were troubled
to depress literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive (in various applications, as follows)
#19
כִּֽי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#20
אֵ֥ין
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
#21
רֹעֶֽה׃
because there was no shepherd
to tend a flock; i.e., pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a frie

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection