Romans 9:32

Authorized King James Version

Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumblingstone;

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
διατί;
Wherefore
through what cause ?, i.e., why?
#2
ὅτι
Because
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#3
οὐκ
they sought it not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#4
ἐξ
by
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#5
πίστεως,
faith
persuasion, i.e., credence; moral conviction (of religious truth, or the truthfulness of god or a religious teacher), especially reliance upon christ
#6
ἀλλ'
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#7
ὡς
as
which how, i.e., in that manner (very variously used, as follows)
#8
ἐξ
by
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#9
ἔργων
the works
toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act
#10
νόμου·
of the law
law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat
#11
προσέκοψαν
they stumbled
to strike at, i.e., surge against (as water); specially, to stub on, i.e., trip up (literally or figuratively)
#12
γὰρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#13
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
λίθῳ
at that stumblingstone
a stone (literally or figuratively)
#15
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
προσκόμματος,
a stub, i.e., (figuratively) occasion of apostasy

Analysis

The faith and obedience theme here intersects with the proper human response to divine revelation across Scripture. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing faith central to epistemology and the means by which humans receive divine revelation and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of Hellenistic epistolary literature with sophisticated theological argumentation shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of faith and obedience within the theological tradition of Romans Understanding a worldview shaped by both Jewish monotheism and Greco-Roman philosophical thought helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes faith in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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