Romans 9:31

Authorized King James Version

But Israel, which followed after the law of righteousness, hath not attained to the law of righteousness.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Ἰσραὴλ
Israel
israel (i.e., jisrael), the adopted name of jacob, including his descendants (literally or figuratively)
#2
δὲ
But
but, and, etc
#3
διώκων
which followed
compare the base of g1169 and g1249); to pursue (literally or figuratively); by implication, to persecute
#4
νόμον
after the law
law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat
#5
δικαιοσύνης,
of righteousness
equity (of character or act); specially (christian) justification
#6
εἰς
to
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#7
νόμον
after the law
law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat
#8
δικαιοσύνης,
of righteousness
equity (of character or act); specially (christian) justification
#9
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#10
ἔφθασεν
attained
to be beforehand, i.e., anticipate or precede; by extension, to have arrived at

Analysis

Within the broader context of Romans, this passage highlights faith and obedience through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of righteousness connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about righteousness, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Romans.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of Hellenistic epistolary literature with sophisticated theological argumentation shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of faith and obedience within the theological tradition of Romans Understanding a worldview shaped by both Jewish monotheism and Greco-Roman philosophical thought helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes righteousness in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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