Romans 10:3

Authorized King James Version

For they being ignorant of God's righteousness, and going about to establish their own righteousness, have not submitted themselves unto the righteousness of God.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἀγνοοῦντες
G50
they being ignorant
not to know (through lack of information or intelligence); by implication, to ignore (through disinclination)
#2
γὰρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#3
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
θεοῦ
of God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#6
δικαιοσύνῃ
righteousness
equity (of character or act); specially (christian) justification
#7
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#8
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
ἰδίαν
their own
pertaining to self, i.e., one's own; by implication, private or separate
#10
δικαιοσύνῃ
righteousness
equity (of character or act); specially (christian) justification
#11
ζητοῦντες
going about
to seek (literally or figuratively); specially, (by hebraism) to worship (god), or (in a bad sense) to plot (against life)
#12
στῆσαι
to establish
to stand (transitively or intransitively), used in various applications (literally or figuratively)
#13
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
δικαιοσύνῃ
righteousness
equity (of character or act); specially (christian) justification
#15
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
θεοῦ
of God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#17
οὐχ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#18
ὑπετάγησαν·
have
to subordinate; reflexively, to obey

Analysis

The judgment and justice theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing righteousness contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood righteousness. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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