Romans 5:19

Authorized King James Version

For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ὥσπερ
as
just as, i.e., exactly like
#2
γὰρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#3
διὰ
by
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#4
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
παρακοῆς
disobedience
inattention, i.e., (by implication) disobedience
#6
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
ἑνὸς
of one
one
#8
ἀνθρώπου
man's
man-faced, i.e., a human being
#9
ἁμαρτωλοὶ
sinners
sinful, i.e., a sinner
#10
κατασταθήσονται
be made
to place down (permanently), i.e., (figuratively) to designate, constitute, convoy
#11
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
πολλοί
many
(singular) much (in any respect) or (plural) many; neuter (singular) as adverbial, largely; neuter (plural) as adverb or noun often, mostly, largely
#13
οὕτως
so
in this way (referring to what precedes or follows)
#14
καὶ
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#15
διὰ
by
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#16
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#17
ὑπακοῆς
the obedience
attentive hearkening, i.e., (by implication) compliance or submission
#18
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#19
ἑνὸς
of one
one
#20
δίκαιοι
righteous
equitable (in character or act); by implication, innocent, holy (absolutely or relatively)
#21
κατασταθήσονται
be made
to place down (permanently), i.e., (figuratively) to designate, constitute, convoy
#22
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#23
πολλοί
many
(singular) much (in any respect) or (plural) many; neuter (singular) as adverbial, largely; neuter (plural) as adverb or noun often, mostly, largely

Analysis

This verse develops the judgment and justice theme central to Romans. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of judgment and justice within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to systematic theological exposition of the gospel, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the cosmopolitan capital of the Roman Empire with diverse populations. The author writes to address a mixed congregation of Jewish and Gentile believers in the imperial capital, making the emphasis on judgment and justice particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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