Romans 9:15

Authorized King James Version

For he saith to Moses, I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#2
γὰρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#3
Μωσῇ
to Moses
moseus, moses, or mouses (i.e., mosheh), the hebrew lawgiver
#4
λέγει
he saith
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#5
ἐλεῶ
I will have mercy
to compassionate (by word or deed, specially, by divine grace)
#6
ὃν
on whom
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#7
ἂν
whatsoever
#8
ἐλεῶ
I will have mercy
to compassionate (by word or deed, specially, by divine grace)
#9
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#10
οἰκτείρω
I will have compassion
to exercise pity
#11
ὃν
on whom
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#12
ἂν
whatsoever
#13
οἰκτείρω
I will have compassion
to exercise pity

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Romans. The concept of mercy reflects justification by faith as the foundation of Christian hope. The emotional and relational language employed here is characteristic of systematic theological exposition of the gospel, emphasizing the personal nature of divine-human relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood mercy. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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