Romans 8:20

Authorized King James Version

For the creature was made subject to vanity, not willingly, but by reason of him who hath subjected the same in hope,

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#2
γὰρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#3
ματαιότητι
to vanity
inutility; figuratively, transientness; morally, depravity
#4
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
κτίσις
the creature
original formation (properly, the act; by implication, the thing, literally or figuratively)
#6
ὑποτάξαντα
of him who hath subjected
to subordinate; reflexively, to obey
#7
οὐχ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#8
ἑκοῦσα
willingly
voluntary
#9
ἀλλὰ
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#10
διὰ
by reason
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#11
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
ὑποτάξαντα
of him who hath subjected
to subordinate; reflexively, to obey
#13
ἐπ'
the same in
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
#14
ἑλπίδι
hope
expectation (abstractly or concretely) or confidence

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Romans. The concept of hope reflects justification by faith as the foundation of Christian hope. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to systematic theological exposition of the gospel, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the cosmopolitan capital of the Roman Empire with diverse populations. The author writes to address a mixed congregation of Jewish and Gentile believers in the imperial capital, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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