Romans 4:6

Authorized King James Version

Even as David also describeth the blessedness of the man, unto whom God imputeth righteousness without works,

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καθάπερ
Even as
exactly as
#2
καὶ
also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#3
Δαβὶδ
David
david, the israelite king
#4
λέγει
describeth
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#5
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
μακαρισμὸν
the blessedness
beatification, i.e., attribution of good fortune
#7
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
ἀνθρώπου
of the man
man-faced, i.e., a human being
#9
unto whom
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#10
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
θεὸς
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#12
λογίζεται
imputeth
to take an inventory, i.e., estimate (literally or figuratively)
#13
δικαιοσύνην
righteousness
equity (of character or act); specially (christian) justification
#14
χωρὶς
without
at a space, i.e., separately or apart from (often as preposition)
#15
ἔργων
works
toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act

Analysis

The judgment and justice theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing righteousness contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of Hellenistic epistolary literature with sophisticated theological argumentation shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of judgment and justice within the theological tradition of Romans Understanding a worldview shaped by both Jewish monotheism and Greco-Roman philosophical thought helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes righteousness in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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