Romans 4:5
But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness.
Word-by-Word Analysis
Cross References
Related verses that illuminate this passage (hover to preview):
-
1
Romans 3:28
Romans 3:28
Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith without the deeds of the law.— Justified by faith without deeds
-
2
Galatians 2:16
Galatians 2:16
Knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Jesus Christ, that we might be justified by the faith of Christ, and not by the works of the law: for by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified.— Not justified by works of law
Analysis
This verse develops the faith and obedience theme central to Romans. The concept of faith reflects the development of faith and obedience within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within systematic theological exposition of the gospel to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes pistis in Greek, encompassing both belief and faithfulness, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.
Historical Context
The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood faith. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.
Questions for Reflection
- What systematic theological implications arise from this verse's treatment of faith and obedience, and how does it contribute to a biblical theology of fundamental Christian doctrine?
- In what ways does understanding faith in its original context challenge or deepen contemporary Christian thinking about faith and obedience?
- How does this passage contribute to our understanding of from law observance to faith in Christ as the means of righteousness, and what implications does this have for Christian discipleship?