Romans 12:11

Authorized King James Version

Not slothful in business; fervent in spirit; serving the Lord;

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#2
σπουδῇ
in business
"speed", i.e., (by implication) despatch, eagerness, earnestness
#3
μὴ
Not
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#4
ὀκνηροί
slothful
tardy, i.e., indolent; (figuratively) irksome
#5
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
πνεύματι
in spirit
a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin
#7
ζέοντες
fervent
to be hot (boil, of liquids; or glow, of solids), i.e., (figuratively) be fervid (earnest)
#8
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
Κυρίῳ
the Lord
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
#10
δουλεύοντες
serving
to be a slave to (literal or figurative, involuntary or voluntary)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Romans, this passage highlights salvation through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Romans.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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