Romans 11:1

Authorized King James Version

I say then, Hath God cast away his people? God forbid. For I also am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Λέγω
I say
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#2
οὖν
then
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
μὴ
God forbid
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#4
ἀπώσατο
Hath
to push off, figuratively, to reject
#5
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
θεὸς
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#7
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
λαὸν
people
a people (in general; thus differing from g1218, which denotes one's own populace)
#9
αὐτοῦ
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#10
μὴ
God forbid
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#11
γένοιτο·
to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)
#12
καὶ
also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#13
γὰρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#14
ἐγὼ
I
i, me
#15
Ἰσραηλίτης
an Israelite
an "israelite", i.e., descendant of israel (literally or figuratively)
#16
εἰμί
am
i exist (used only when emphatic)
#17
ἐκ
of
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#18
σπέρματος
the seed
something sown, i.e., seed (including the male "sperm"); by implication, offspring; specially, a remnant (figuratively, as if kept over for planting)
#19
Ἀβραάμ
G11
of Abraham
abraham, the hebrew patriarch
#20
φυλῆς
of the tribe
an offshoot, i.e., race or clan
#21
Βενιαμίν
of Benjamin
benjamin, an israelite

Analysis

Within the broader context of Romans, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by introducing key themes that will be developed throughout Romans.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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