Psalms 82:5

Authorized King James Version

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They know not, neither will they understand; they walk on in darkness: all the foundations of the earth are out of course.

Original Language Analysis

לֹ֤א H3808
לֹ֤א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 1 of 10
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יָֽדְע֨וּ׀ They know H3045
יָֽדְע֨וּ׀ They know
Strong's: H3045
Word #: 2 of 10
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o
וְלֹ֥א H3808
וְלֹ֥א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 3 of 10
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יָבִ֗ינוּ not neither will they understand H995
יָבִ֗ינוּ not neither will they understand
Strong's: H995
Word #: 4 of 10
to separate mentally (or distinguish), i.e., (generally) understand
בַּחֲשֵׁכָ֥ה on in darkness H2825
בַּחֲשֵׁכָ֥ה on in darkness
Strong's: H2825
Word #: 5 of 10
darkness; figuratively, misery
יִתְהַלָּ֑כוּ they walk H1980
יִתְהַלָּ֑כוּ they walk
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 6 of 10
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
יִ֝מּ֗וֹטוּ are out of course H4131
יִ֝מּ֗וֹטוּ are out of course
Strong's: H4131
Word #: 7 of 10
to waver; by implication, to slip, shake, fall
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 8 of 10
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
מ֥וֹסְדֵי all the foundations H4144
מ֥וֹסְדֵי all the foundations
Strong's: H4144
Word #: 9 of 10
a foundation
אָֽרֶץ׃ of the earth H776
אָֽרֶץ׃ of the earth
Strong's: H776
Word #: 10 of 10
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

Analysis & Commentary

They know not, neither will they understand; they walk on in darkness: all the foundations of the earth are out of course. God's indictment expands: corrupt judges lack both knowledge and understanding. "Know not" (לֹא יָדְעוּ/lo yade'u) and "neither will they understand" (וְלֹא יָבִינוּ/velo yavinu) describe willful ignorance. These aren't mere intellectual deficits but moral failures—refusal to acknowledge truth, rejection of wisdom, blindness to justice's requirements.

"They walk on in darkness" (בַּחֲשֵׁכָה יִתְהַלָּכוּ/bachashekah yithalleku) depicts persistent, habitual evil. Walking suggests the course of life; darkness represents moral and spiritual blindness (Proverbs 4:19, John 3:19, 1 John 2:11). These judges stumble through life without light, their judgments reflecting their own darkness rather than God's righteous standards.

"All the foundations of the earth are out of course" reveals injustice's cosmic consequences. When judges pervert justice, society's very foundations (מוֹסְדֵי אָרֶץ/mosdei erets) shake and totter (מָוֹט/mot). Justice is foundational to social order; its corruption destabilizes everything. This anticipates Psalm 11:3, "If the foundations be destroyed, what can the righteous do?" Moral order sustains creation itself; its violation threatens cosmic chaos.

Historical Context

The ancient Near East understood justice as maintaining cosmic order (Egyptian ma'at, Mesopotamian kittu). Judges weren't merely resolving disputes but upholding the moral structure of reality established by divine decree. When Israelite judges corrupted justice, they didn't just harm individuals—they threatened the covenant community's very existence. God's judgment came through Babylonian exile (586 BC) partly because of systemic judicial corruption (Jeremiah 5:28, Ezekiel 22:29).

Questions for Reflection