Psalms 82:3

Authorized King James Version

Defend the poor and fatherless: do justice to the afflicted and needy.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
שִׁפְטוּ
Defend
to judge, i.e., pronounce sentence (for or against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literal
#2
דַ֥ל
the poor
properly, dangling, i.e., (by implication) weak or thin
#3
וְיָת֑וֹם
and fatherless
a bereaved person
#4
עָנִ֖י
to the afflicted
depressed, in mind or circumstances
#5
וָרָ֣שׁ
and needy
to be destitute
#6
הַצְדִּֽיקוּ׃
do justice
to be (causatively, make) right (in a moral or forensic sense)

Analysis

This verse develops the suffering and persecution theme central to Psalms. The concept of justice reflects the development of suffering and persecution within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of ancient Near Eastern poetry and hymnic literature for worship shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of suffering and persecution within the theological tradition of Psalms Understanding a worldview centered on covenant relationship between God and His people helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes justice in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection