Psalms 80:3

Authorized King James Version

Turn us again, O God, and cause thy face to shine; and we shall be saved.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אֱלֹהִ֥ים
O God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#2
הֲשִׁיבֵ֑נוּ
Turn us again
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#3
וְהָאֵ֥ר
to shine
to be (causative, make) luminous (literally and metaphorically)
#4
פָּ֝נֶ֗יךָ
and cause thy face
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#5
וְנִוָּשֵֽׁעָה׃
and we shall be saved
properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e., (by implication) to be safe; causatively, to free or succor

Analysis

Within the broader context of Psalms, this passage highlights worship and praise through universal language and absolute statements. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Psalms.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection