Psalms 69:23

Authorized King James Version

Let their eyes be darkened, that they see not; and make their loins continually to shake.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
תֶּחְשַׁ֣כְנָה
be darkened
to be dark (as withholding light); transitively, to darken
#2
עֵ֭ינֵיהֶם
Let their eyes
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
#3
מֵרְא֑וֹת
that they see
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#4
וּ֝מָתְנֵיהֶ֗ם
not and make their loins
properly, the waist or small of the back; only in plural the loins
#5
תָּמִ֥יד
continually
properly, continuance (as indefinite extension); but used only (attributively as adjective) constant (or adverbially, constantly); elliptically the re
#6
הַמְעַֽד׃
to shake
to waver

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine revelation reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the Israelite monarchy with its court politics and military conflicts. The author writes to address worshipers in the temple and those seeking God in times of distress, making the emphasis on worship and praise particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection