Psalms 40:4

Authorized King James Version

Blessed is that man that maketh the LORD his trust, and respecteth not the proud, nor such as turn aside to lies.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אַ֥שְֽׁרֵי
Blessed
happiness; only in masculine plural construction as interjection, how happy!
#2
הַגֶּ֗בֶר
is that man
properly, a valiant man or warrior; generally, a person simply
#3
אֲשֶׁר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#4
שָׂ֣ם
that maketh
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
#5
יְ֭הוָֹה
the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#6
מִבְטַח֑וֹ
his trust
properly, a refuge, i.e., (objective) security, or (subjective) assurance
#7
וְֽלֹא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#8
פָנָ֥ה
and respecteth
to turn; by implication, to face, i.e., appear, look, etc
#9
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#10
רְ֝הָבִ֗ים
not the proud
insolent
#11
וְשָׂטֵ֥י
nor such as turn aside
to detrude, i.e., (intransitively and figuratively) become derelict (wrongly practise; namely, idolatry)
#12
כָזָֽב׃
to lies
falsehood; literally (untruth) or figuratively (idol)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Psalms, this passage highlights worship and praise through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Psalms.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of ancient Near Eastern poetry and hymnic literature for worship shapes this text's meaning. Israel's liturgical traditions developed through centuries of temple worship and personal devotion Understanding a worldview centered on covenant relationship between God and His people helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection