Psalms 31:23

Authorized King James Version

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O love the LORD, all ye his saints: for the LORD preserveth the faithful, and plentifully rewardeth the proud doer.

Original Language Analysis

אֶֽהֱב֥וּ O love H157
אֶֽהֱב֥וּ O love
Strong's: H157
Word #: 1 of 13
to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 2 of 13
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
יְהוָ֑ה for the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֑ה for the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 3 of 13
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
כָּֽל H3605
כָּֽל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 4 of 13
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
חֲסִ֫ידָ֥יו all ye his saints H2623
חֲסִ֫ידָ֥יו all ye his saints
Strong's: H2623
Word #: 5 of 13
properly, kind, i.e., (religiously) pious (a saint)
אֱ֭מוּנִים the faithful H539
אֱ֭מוּנִים the faithful
Strong's: H539
Word #: 6 of 13
properly, to build up or support; to foster as a parent or nurse; figuratively to render (or be) firm or faithful, to trust or believe, to be permanen
נֹצֵ֣ר preserveth H5341
נֹצֵ֣ר preserveth
Strong's: H5341
Word #: 7 of 13
to guard, in a good sense (to protect, maintain, obey, etc.) or a bad one (to conceal, etc.)
יְהוָ֑ה for the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֑ה for the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 8 of 13
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
וּמְשַׁלֵּ֥ם rewardeth H7999
וּמְשַׁלֵּ֥ם rewardeth
Strong's: H7999
Word #: 9 of 13
to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 10 of 13
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
יֶ֝֗תֶר and plentifully H3499
יֶ֝֗תֶר and plentifully
Strong's: H3499
Word #: 11 of 13
properly, an overhanging, i.e., (by implication) a small rope (as hanging free)
עֹשֵׂ֥ה doer H6213
עֹשֵׂ֥ה doer
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 12 of 13
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
גַאֲוָֽה׃ the proud H1346
גַאֲוָֽה׃ the proud
Strong's: H1346
Word #: 13 of 13
arrogance or majesty; by implication, (concretely) ornament

Analysis & Commentary

O love the LORD, all ye his saints: for the LORD preserveth the faithful, and plentifully rewardeth the proud doer. David transitions from personal testimony to communal exhortation, calling God's people to love Him based on demonstrated faithfulness. This establishes moral order: God protects faithful and judges proud, making love for God the only wise response.

O love the LORD is imperative—command, not suggestion. Hebrew 'ahab means to love with affection and devotion, to choose and cling to. This love is not merely emotional but volitional—choosing loyalty and devotion to God. All ye his saints (chasidim) addresses faithful ones, those who show covenant love (chesed). David commands those already in covenant relationship to deepen love for covenant God.

For the LORD preserveth the faithful provides motivation. Hebrew natsar means to guard, keep, preserve. God watches over and protects those who maintain faith. Faithful ('emunah) denotes firmness, faithfulness, trustworthiness—those who remain constant in covenant commitment. This isn't salvation by works but recognition that genuine faith perseveres. Those continuing trusting experience ongoing protection. Reformed theology calls this perseverance of saints—true believers persist because God preserves them.

And plentifully rewardeth the proud doer presents contrast. Plentifully (yeter) means excess, surplus, abundantly. Rewardeth uses shalam, which can mean to repay, recompense, requite—often negative: pay back what is deserved. Proud doer translates one doing arrogance—those acting with pride and disdain toward God. God abundantly repays arrogance with judgment. Poetic justice: as they acted in excess pride, they receive excess judgment.

Verse establishes theodicy: loving God makes sense because He distinguishes between faithful and proud, protecting former and judging latter. This moral order may not be immediately visible, but faith trusts God ultimately vindicates His people and judges enemies.

Historical Context

David's exhortation reflects Deuteronomic theology: Love the LORD your God (Deuteronomy 6:5, 10:12, 11:1). This command summarizes covenant obligation. Jesus identified it as greatest commandment (Matthew 22:37).

Contrast between God preserving faithful and rewarding proud runs throughout Scripture. Proverbs repeatedly contrasts fates of righteous and wicked. Prophets announced judgment on proud nations and individuals (Isaiah 2:12-17, Daniel 4:30-37). James declares God resists proud but gives grace to humble (James 4:6).

Protestant Reformers emphasized that love for God is both duty (command) and response (gratitude). We are commanded to love God, but His prior love and faithfulness evokes grateful love in return. Not mercenary (loving God for benefits) but covenantal (loving because He first loved us and proved faithful).

Questions for Reflection