Psalms 15:3

Authorized King James Version

He that backbiteth not with his tongue, nor doeth evil to his neighbour, nor taketh up a reproach against his neighbour.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
לֹֽא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#2
רָגַ֨ל׀
He that backbiteth
to walk along; but only in specifically, applications, to reconnoiter, to be a tale-bearer (i.e., slander); to lead about
#3
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#4
לְשֹׁנ֗וֹ
not with his tongue
the tongue (of man or animals), used literally (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech), and figuratively (speech, an ingot, a fork of flame,
#5
לֹא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#6
עָשָׂ֣ה
nor doeth
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#7
לְרֵעֵ֣הוּ
to his neighbour
an associate (more or less close)
#8
רָעָ֑ה
evil
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
#9
וְ֝חֶרְפָּ֗ה
a reproach
contumely, disgrace, the pudenda
#10
לֹא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#11
נָשָׂ֥א
nor taketh up
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
#12
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#13
קְרֹֽבוֹ׃
against his neighbour
near (in place, kindred or time)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Psalms, this passage highlights worship and praise through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Psalms.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection