Psalms 119:1

Authorized King James Version

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Blessed are the undefiled in the way, who walk in the law of the LORD.

Original Language Analysis

אַשְׁרֵ֥י ALEPH Blessed H835
אַשְׁרֵ֥י ALEPH Blessed
Strong's: H835
Word #: 1 of 6
happiness; only in masculine plural construction as interjection, how happy!
תְמִֽימֵי are the undefiled H8549
תְמִֽימֵי are the undefiled
Strong's: H8549
Word #: 2 of 6
entire (literally, figuratively or morally); also (as noun) integrity, truth
דָ֑רֶךְ in the way H1870
דָ֑רֶךְ in the way
Strong's: H1870
Word #: 3 of 6
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
הַֽ֝הֹלְכִ֗ים who walk H1980
הַֽ֝הֹלְכִ֗ים who walk
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 4 of 6
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
בְּתוֹרַ֥ת in the law H8451
בְּתוֹרַ֥ת in the law
Strong's: H8451
Word #: 5 of 6
a precept or statute, especially the decalogue or pentateuch
יְהוָֽה׃ of the LORD H3068
יְהוָֽה׃ of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 6 of 6
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

Analysis & Commentary

The longest Psalm opens with Hebrew ashrei (blessed/happy), emphasizing the blessedness of those who are temimei-darekh (blameless of way). The term tamim means complete, whole, without blemish—the same word used for sacrificial animals. This is not sinless perfection but wholehearted integrity. The phrase "walk in the law of the LORD" uses holkhei b'torat YHWH, where torah means instruction, teaching, direction—not merely legal code but divine revelation for life. Walking (halakh) implies continuous, habitual lifestyle rather than occasional observance. This opening verse establishes the Psalm's central theme: true happiness comes through wholehearted devotion to God's revealed will. Reformed theology sees this not as legalism but as the believer's joyful response to grace—we obey because we are saved, not to earn salvation.

Historical Context

Psalm 119 is an acrostic masterpiece, with 22 eight-verse stanzas corresponding to the Hebrew alphabet's 22 letters. Each verse in a stanza begins with that section's letter, creating a comprehensive meditation on God's Word. Written likely during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BC), when Israel had been disciplined for covenant unfaithfulness, the Psalm reflects renewed appreciation for Torah. The exiles in Babylon had no temple, no sacrifices, no land—only Scripture. This intensified their devotion to God's written Word.

Questions for Reflection

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