Psalms 42:1

Authorized King James Version

As the hart panteth after the water brooks, so panteth my soul after thee, O God.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כְּאַיָּ֗ל
As the hart
a stag or male deer
#2
תַעֲרֹ֖ג
panteth
to long for
#3
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#4
אֲפִֽיקֵי
brooks
properly, containing, i.e., a tube; also a bed or valley of a stream; also a strong thing or a hero
#5
מָ֑יִם
after the water
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
#6
כֵּ֤ן
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
#7
נַפְשִׁ֨י
my soul
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
#8
תַעֲרֹ֖ג
panteth
to long for
#9
אֵלֶ֣יךָ
near, with or among; often in general, to
#10
אֱלֹהִֽים׃
after thee O God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The divine name or title here functions within worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of ancient Near Eastern poetry and hymnic literature for worship shapes this text's meaning. Israel's liturgical traditions developed through centuries of temple worship and personal devotion Understanding a worldview centered on covenant relationship between God and His people helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection