Proverbs 23:22

Authorized King James Version

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Hearken unto thy father that begat thee, and despise not thy mother when she is old.

Original Language Analysis

שְׁמַ֣ע Hearken H8085
שְׁמַ֣ע Hearken
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 1 of 9
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
לְ֭אָבִיךָ unto thy father H1
לְ֭אָבִיךָ unto thy father
Strong's: H1
Word #: 2 of 9
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
זֶ֣ה H2088
זֶ֣ה
Strong's: H2088
Word #: 3 of 9
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
יְלָדֶ֑ךָ that begat H3205
יְלָדֶ֑ךָ that begat
Strong's: H3205
Word #: 4 of 9
to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage
וְאַל H408
וְאַל
Strong's: H408
Word #: 5 of 9
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
תָּ֝ב֗וּז thee and despise H936
תָּ֝ב֗וּז thee and despise
Strong's: H936
Word #: 6 of 9
to disrespect
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 7 of 9
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
זָקְנָ֥ה when she is old H2204
זָקְנָ֥ה when she is old
Strong's: H2204
Word #: 8 of 9
to be old
אִמֶּֽךָ׃ not thy mother H517
אִמֶּֽךָ׃ not thy mother
Strong's: H517
Word #: 9 of 9
a mother (as the bond of the family); in a wide sense (both literally and figuratively [like father])

Analysis & Commentary

Honoring parents extends to caring for them in old age, not despising their weakness or diminished capacity. This application of the fifth commandment shows covenant faithfulness across the lifespan. Despising aging parents violates their God-given dignity and one's foundational obligations.

Historical Context

Ancient Near Eastern cultures varied in their treatment of elderly parents. Israel's law mandated honor and provision, reflecting God's concern for the vulnerable and dependent.

Questions for Reflection

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