Proverbs 13:5

Authorized King James Version

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A righteous man hateth lying: but a wicked man is loathsome, and cometh to shame.

Original Language Analysis

דְּבַר lying H1697
דְּבַר lying
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 1 of 7
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
שֶׁ֭קֶר H8267
שֶׁ֭קֶר
Strong's: H8267
Word #: 2 of 7
an untruth; by implication, a sham (often adverbial)
יִשְׂנָ֣א man hateth H8130
יִשְׂנָ֣א man hateth
Strong's: H8130
Word #: 3 of 7
to hate (personally)
צַדִּ֑יק A righteous H6662
צַדִּ֑יק A righteous
Strong's: H6662
Word #: 4 of 7
just
וְ֝רָשָׁ֗ע but a wicked H7563
וְ֝רָשָׁ֗ע but a wicked
Strong's: H7563
Word #: 5 of 7
morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person
יַבְאִ֥ישׁ man is loathsome H887
יַבְאִ֥ישׁ man is loathsome
Strong's: H887
Word #: 6 of 7
to smell bad; figuratively, to be offensive morally
וְיַחְפִּֽיר׃ and cometh to shame H2659
וְיַחְפִּֽיר׃ and cometh to shame
Strong's: H2659
Word #: 7 of 7
to blush; figuratively, to be ashamed, disappointed; causatively, to shame, reproach

Analysis & Commentary

This proverb contrasts the righteous and wicked through their relationship with truth. "A righteous man hateth lying" declares moral clarity. Tsaddiq yisna devar-sheqer (צַדִּיק יִשְׂנָא דְּבַר־שָׁקֶר, the righteous hates a lying word). Sane (שָׂנֵא, hate) is strong—not mere disapproval but active aversion. The righteous don't just avoid lies; they hate them because lies violate God's character who cannot lie (Titus 1:2).

"But a wicked man is loathsome, and cometh to shame" describes the wicked's trajectory. Rasha yavish veyachpir (רָשָׁע יַבְאִישׁ וְיַחְפִּיר, the wicked causes stench and brings shame). Ba'ash (בָּאַשׁ) means to stink, become odious, be abhorred. The wicked's character and conduct produce moral revulsion. They yachpir (יַחְפִּיר, bring shame, disgrace, reproach) upon themselves.

The proverb establishes lying as the distinguishing mark. The righteous align with truth because they worship the God of truth. The wicked embrace lies because their father is the devil, the father of lies (John 8:44). Their dishonesty makes them morally repugnant and ultimately brings public shame. Proverbs 6:16-17 lists lying tongue among seven abominations to God. Jesus is the Truth incarnate (John 14:6); His followers walk in truth (3 John 1:4). The Spirit of truth guides believers into all truth (John 16:13), enabling them to hate lies and love righteousness.

Historical Context

Ancient Israel's legal system depended on truthful testimony. The ninth commandment prohibited false witness (Exodus 20:16), and Mosaic Law prescribed severe penalties for perjury. Lying witnesses could receive the punishment they sought to inflict on others (Deuteronomy 19:18-19). Truth upheld justice and community trust, while lies corrupted both. The righteous, committed to covenant faithfulness, hated lies that violated God's character and damaged shalom.

Questions for Reflection

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